2009年1月20日星期二

Inferno (Transformers)


Inferno is a fearless Autobot who has a firetruck as his vehicle form. He relishes the attention he gets for saving lives and extinguishing fires any chance he gets, but Inferno's intentions are always noble, though he rarely gets involved in the battles.

Inferno would be a lot better at his job if he weren't so easily distracted. He genuinely wants to be responsible and perform his job well, but he simply cannot resist getting involved in combat. The rugged and powerful, Inferno likes things to be as intense as possible, although he prefers the heat of battle to the heart of a burning building. He's not unaware of the seriousness of his function, and he does enjoy the chances it offers him to save innocent lives. It's just that Inferno can't turn down an opportunity to get into the thick of the action. Like his fellow Autobot Ironhide Inferno speaks with a thick southern U.S. accent.


Marvel Comics
Inferno also appeared in the Marvel Transformers comic, acting in a capacity similar to his animated self, although he had few notable appearances.

In the U.K. story "Firebug" he is seen arriving on Earth along with Sandstorm and Broadside as part of the Cybertron monitoring team and encountering a Fibernian Firebug.

The trio reappear in the Christmas story "Cold Comfort and Joy" in which they accidentally wreck a human town while trying to join in with the Christmas celebrations, which led to them fighting the Autobot Powermasters.

In the U.K. "Time Wars" storyline he appeared aiding the Wreckers against Galvatron, but was knocked out of the battle when the insane future Decepticon crushed his leg. He was one of the few survivors of the fight and later formed the Survivors along with other survivors of the Wreckers and Decepticon Mayhem Attack Squad. In the US storyline after many battles against the Decepticons, Inferno was deactivated by the Underbase powered Starscream. He was later reactivated by Grimlock who brought him back to life with an infusion of Nucleon. Inferno went on to fight against Unicron, but was later killed again by Bludgeon's ambush (he was not seen being killed, but his wreckage is visible among that of the victims of the ambush). He was resurrected by the coming of Optimus Prime and the Last Autobot, allowing them to defeat the Decepticons.

Issue #279 of the Marvel U.K. Transformers comic featured a story called "Divide and Conquer!" where Soundwave led the bulk of the Decepticon forces on Earth against the Autobot Earthforce headquarters while Starscream attacked an oil tanker. Sent into battle by Prowl, the Dinobots routed the main Decepticon forces while Springer led the Autobot Survivors Inferno, Skids, and Carnivac to defeat Starscream.

His luck ran true to form in the Transformers: Generation 2 comic, however. As he battled the forces of Jhiaxus, he saw his friend Smokescreen gunned down. In a rage, he killed all of them - only to be ambushed by more of them. Inferno dove for cover, but never made it, as the building collapsed on top of him.

The Inferno of the post-The Transformers: The Movie universe appeared in the Marvel U.K. comics, most prominently in the "Legacy of Unicron" arc, where his habit of dying spectacularly continued. He and Smokescreen were dispatched to escort Wreck-Gar back to the Junk. There, they discovered it had been taken over by the decapitated head of Unicron. The two escaped to warn Rodimus Prime, leaving Wreck-Gar behind to free his people, with Inferno being badly injured by the mind-controlled bounty hunter Death's Head. The two arrived on Cybertron - only to discover that Unicron's puppets Cyclonus and Scourge had launched an all-out Decepticon assault. The Decepticons badly damaged the shuttle, and Smokescreen refused to leave his injured friend. Inferno had other ideas and bodily threw him through the windshield to safety. Observing how he had always wanted to go out in a blaze of glory, Inferno crashed the shuttle into a massive group of Decepticons, taking them out but with him dying alongside it.

Conversely, in the nightmarish alternate 2009 seen in "Rhythms of Darkness", where Galvatron has virtually conquered Earth, Inferno is one of only a handful of Autobots left alive. Along with Prowl and Jazz, he is the only survivor of the final battle with Galvatron's forces.


Animated series
Inferno first appeared in the episode "The Insecticon Syndrome".

His most prominent appearance came in "Auto-Berserk" alongside Red Alert. After a battle with the Decepticons ended with Red Alert being damaged, the Autobot became paranoid that Inferno and the others were out to get him. Red Alert deserted and teamed up with Starscream (who had been kicked out of the Decepticons after a disagreement with Megatron) to steal an Autobot device called the Negavator. After being damaged again, Red Alert realized what he had done and destroyed the Negavator, setting fire to the cavern they were in - and a guilty Inferno rushed into the fire to save Red Alert's life.

In the episode "Prime Target" the big game hunter Lord Cholmondeley captured a secret Soviet jet, leading to panic of possibly war. Cholmondeley then set his sights on the ultimate trophy, the head of Optimus Prime. In order to lure Optimus in Cholmondeley captured the Autobots Tracks, Bumblebee, Jazz, Grapple, Beachcomber, Blaster and Inferno. Windcharger and Huffer were able to avoid being trapped. When Cosmos learned of the location Cholmondeley was keeping the captured Autobots Optimus Prime accepted Cholmondeley's challenge to meet him alone. Although interrupted by the Decepticons Astrotrain and Blitzwing who attempted to ally with Cholmondeley, Optimus defeated the big game hunter and freed the Autobots. Cholmondeley and the stolen jet were given over the Soviets by the Autobots as punishment for his actions.

In "The Search for Alpha Trion", when Optimus Prime returned to Cybertron alone to save Elita One, Ironhide leads Inferno and Powerglide after him. On Cybertron the Autobots are briefly reunited with Chromia, Moonracer and Firestar, defeat the Decepticons and save Elita.

It is also worth noting that Inferno appears in the credits of Transformers: The Movie despite not actually appearing in it leading to speculation that Inferno's scenes were cut.


Headmasters
Inferno appears in the first episode of the Japan exclusive Headmasters series along with Tracks, Prowl and Jazz under the command of Ultra Magnus.


Dreamwave Productions
Inferno appeared in Dreamwave Productions' Generation One Transformers comics. He first appeared in the second War Within series as part of Grimlock's Lightning Strike Coalition.

Later, after the end of the Great Shutdown, Inferno was reformatted into an Earth fire engine and then surprisingly became part of the Cybertronian High Council.


Toys
Generation 1 Autobot Car Inferno (1985)
The toy of Inferno is based on a Japanese Diaclone toy.
In Japan, the toy form of Inferno was recolored and slightly re-tooled in 1987 and used to create the Japanese-exclusive Targetmaster Artfire. Among Artfire's unique features, his cab was colored white, his ladder silver, and he featured a clip added to the end of his ladder that allowed weapons mode Fracus (Scourge's Targetmaster partner in America) to be used by Artfire in fire engine mode.
Inferno's original toy, slightly modified, was knocked off and used as the titular giant robot in the Korean animated film Phoenix King. Phoenix King was dubbed and released in America by Digiview Entertainment as Defenders of Space, generally selling for the bargain price of $1.00. Scenes of "Inferno" from this movie were also incorporated into another bargain film distributed by Digiview Entertainment, Space Thunder Kids.
Generation 1 Action Master Inferno
Inferno was re-released in 1990 as an Action Master toy. He came with a "Hydro Pack" that could transform and squirt water.

Generation 2 Inferno (1993)
Inferno was re-released in Generation 2 of the Transformers with slight modifications, including a water squinter.
In the late 1990s, a knockoff of G2 Inferno with some yellow parts was sold in discount stores on a card reading "Transformers: Generation 3."
Universe Autobot Ratchet
According to interviews with employees at Hasbro, this redeco of Robots In Disguise X-Brawn was originally intended to be called Inferno, but when another toy mistakenly had its name swapped to Inferno, they had to come up with a new name for this toy. The original intention was for this toy to be a new incarnation of Inferno.
Universe Generation 2 Series Voyager Inferno (2008)
A new Voyager class mold was announced at SDCC 2008. Features a missile launcher which looks like the Generation 2 water squirter.

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Arcee


Animated series
Although a group of Female Autobots had already been featured in one episode of the original cartoon series, Arcee quickly became the most famous due to her position as a recurring cast member following her introduction in The Transformers: The Movie. In the movie, it was implied that Arcee might have had feelings for Hot Rod, but since his transformation to Rodimus Prime she seemed to grow closer to Springer.

Arcee was voiced by Susan Blu, who would go on to be involved in several more Transformers-related shows as voice director, even reprising her role as Arcee in Transformers: Animated. Arcee was a gunner and was depicted as being an excellent marksman. In the Season 3 introduction, "Five Faces of Darkness", she accompanies Springer on a mission to track down a sleezoid ship. The mission eventually reunites them with Grimlock and Rodimus Prime. They also go onto rescue Ultra Magnus, Kup and Spike Witwicky from the clutches of the Quintessons.

Arcee would appear sporadically over the course of the season, and even kept her main character status into the fourth season dubbed "Rebirth". She was a major player in "Dark Awakening", being among the crew zombie Optimus Prime betrayed aboard the mausoleum. And, in "Dweller in the Depths", she is seen fighting back against Springer when he is turned into an energy vampire.

In the episode "Only Human", Ultra Magnus, Springer, Rodimus Prime and Arcee found their minds transferred into human-mimicking "synthoid" bodies by the human crimelord Victor Drath.

In the final three episodes of the US television series, when the Decepticons successfully stole the key to the Plasma Energy Chamber and opened the ancient device, a group of Autobots and humans included Arcee and Daniel Witwicky were blasted across the galaxy by the energy release, crash-landing on the planet Nebulos. Quickly siding with a group of rebels engaged in a war against the planet's evil rulers, the Hive, they deduced a process by which they could combine the best of their minds and bodies together, becoming Headmasters. While the other Autobot Headmasters combined with Nebulons, Daniel became Arcee's Headmaster partner.

Despite being the only female truly present in the cast, she was rarely if ever depicted as the damsel in distress, and was usually put on equal footing in relation to her male compatriots.


Transformers: Headmasters
In the Japanese television series called Transformers: The Headmasters, the events of the last three episodes of the U.S. series were ignored. Although Headmasters were introduced, they had a vastly different origin. Arcee did not become a Headmaster, but was a regular on this series, appearing in most of the episodes, from Episode 1 "Four Warriors Come Out of The Sky" to Episode 35 "The Final Showdown On Earth".


Marvel Comics
Arcee was absent from the U.S. Marvel Comics (barring the adaptation of the movie), because the comics had established that in their continuity, Transformers did not possess sexes, thus Arcee's presence as a clearly female robot would have defied this.

Arcee would appear in the U.K. Marvel comic issue #234, "Prime's Rib!" This story is set in the near future, 1995, where Optimus Prime, Jazz and Hot Rod introduce the latest Autobot, Arcee, to the human feminists. She was met with displeasure by the humans, being called a token female and disliked for her pink color. They were then attacked by Shockwave, Fangry, Horri-Bull and Squeezeplay, who thought the Autobot would be unveiling a new weapon. The Autobots fought off the Decepticons, who escaped, but nothing seemed to please the human feminists.

The U.K. comic also set a number of stories directly after the events of the movie. The Space Pirates arc saw Arcee skip guard duty at Autobot City; her dereliction of duty led directly the fall of Autobot City to the Quintessons. She was then used as bait in a Quintesson trap to claim the Creation Matrix from Rodimus Prime. Arcee achieved some measure of redemption by aiding Rodimus Prime, now reduced in power to his Hot Rod form, in his bid to reclaim Autobot City by activating Metroplex.

Arcee later joined Rodimus Prime's time-travelling party, helping in the fight against Galvatron during the Time Wars. Arcee and the other future Autobots returned find to their own time-stream changed to a different, darker future, where Galvatron was alive and ruling most of Cybertron.

Arcee also makes an appearance twice in the American Transformers: Headmasters #1 as a background character in Fortress Maximus's regiment. In order to explain any Autobots introduced during the fourth (then-ongoing) and fifth production years, most of Fortress Maximus's crew on Cybertron and aboard the Steelhaven were unseen, or used generic bodies until readers were "surprised" with them later.


Books
Arcee appeared in the 1986 story and coloring book The Lost Treasure of Cybertron by Marvel Books.


Beast Wars
In the Beast Wars episode "Transmutate", Rattrap referred to Arcee as his great aunt: "What in the name of my great aunt Arcee is going on!?" The character Transmutate was coincidentally voiced by Susan Blu, who also voiced Arcee.


Dreamwave Productions
During the years when Shockwave united most of Cybertron, Arcee was in a resistance group to his rule along with Kup, Blaster, Hot Rod and Wheelie. Later, after Shockwave's defeat, Arcee joined Ultra Magnus in trying to fortify one of Cybertron's moons – but her affections were the subject of a feud between Hot Rod and Springer.

Devil's Due Publishing
Arcee appeared in the Devil's Due third series of G.I. Joe vs. The Transformers. Grimlock, Arcee, Bumblebee and Perceptor were sent to Earth to aid G.I. Joe in removing the influence of Cybertronian technology on Earth. When Cobra attacked the base, the Autobots helped repel the Cobra Battle Android Trooper armies. However, Cobra Commander was able to infiltrate the base and awaken the special project the government was working on - SerpentO.R, a cyborg created using DNA from many great warleaders and parts from Megatron. SerpentO.R. promptly turned on him and escaped to Cybertron via Spacebridge. The Autobots and a team of G.I Joes led by Hawk pursued him. During this an attraction had been growing between Arcee and Bumblebee. This led to Bumblebee's tragic death at the hands of SerpentO.R and Arcee and the others were captured. Freed by Snake-Eyes, Arcee was part of the assault to rescue Prime and proved instrumental in SerpentO.R's (now controlled by Cobra Commander) defeat, ripping his chestpiece off and allowing Hawk to reach the Matrix, opening it and putting Cobra Commander in a coma. Arcee was seen mourning Bumblebee at the end.

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Blackout (Transformers)


Blackout is the name of four different fictional characters in the various Transformers universes.

Transformers: Generation 1
Blackout was one of a team of two Micromaster Combiners. They came with a Gepard air defense vehicle that could transform to a base. Because Blackout and his partner Spaceshop are regularly pictured together and that they are amongst the lesser-known Micromasters, the exact identity of each Transformer is regularly mistaken for the other.


Dreamwave Productions
Blackout has never appeared in Transformers fiction, except for a profile in Dreamwave Productions' Transformers: More Than Meets the Eye series. His bio painted him as a brave Decepticon warrior, but liable to flee if the odds turned against him. Only Spaceshot's disapproval often keeps this from happening.


Toys
Generation 1 Blackout and Spaceshot (1990)

Transformers: Armada
Blackout is the Mini-Con partner of Demolishor.


Dreamwave Productions
Blackout appeared among the Mini-Cons in issue #18 of the Transformers: Armada comic book who aided Over-Run using the Mini-Con Matrix in the defeat of Unicron.

Blackout's bio painted him as aggressive and independent—something which contrasts with Demolishor's blind loyalty to Megatron. He would voice his thoughts and feelings, even at the risk of a severe beating. In the cartoon, Demolishor used him to find other Mini-Cons.

Toys
Armada Blackout (2002)
Blackout was one of the first-released Mini-Cons that were included with a larger Transformer. Blackout was able to attach to Demolishor to form the front section of the Decepticon's tank mode, or he was able to sit on the seat on Demolishor's back. When attached to a special Mini-Con port, he can fire Demolishor's shoulder missiles.
Armada Powerlinx Blackout
He was later recolored when Demolishor received his Powerlinx upgrade.
Armada Built to Rule Blackout (2003–2004)
Blackout was also part of the Built to Rule toy line, again as Demolishor's partner, and during 2004, he was recolored with a 'Night Attack' scheme which was not based on an existing Transformers toy. In the Japanese series, Blackout was named Search and later Spark Search when he was recolored.
Energon Blackout (2004)
Ten years after the events in Armada, Demolishor retained his original form, only with a new color scheme. Blackout also received a new color scheme to match Demolishor's. However, Blackout did not appear in the Energon animated series. Blackout did not reappear when the Armada Demolishor toy was repainted for Transformers: Cybertron.

Transformers: Energon
Blackout was a member of the Decepticon Destruction Team and transformed into a helicopter. He was able to combine with his team to form a limb of the giant robot, Bruticus Maximus.


Animated series
In the Energon animated series, Blackout was a seemingly non-sentient drone commanded by team leader, Barricade. As with all of the Energon combiner limbs, Blackout has a twin brother on his team—Stormcloud. Their energon weapons were a cannon and a pair of guns. In the Japanese series, each member had the name of a G1 Combaticon—Blackout's name was Blast Off.


Dreamwave Productions
Although the Transformers: Energon comic book series by Dreamwave Productions was canceled before Blackout could appear in them, the Energon "More Than Meets The Eye" guide book was under development at the time. Pencil art by Guido Guidi was released later showing the art that would have been used with Blackout's profile.


Toys
Energon Blackout (2005)
Shared a mold with Storm Cloud. Later redecoed into Timelines Topspin.

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Snarl (Transformers)


Snarl is one of the members of the Autobot sub-group called the Dinobots lead by Grimlock. He turns into a robotic Stegosaurus.

The toy that became Snarl was original part of the Diaclone toy from Takara.

According to his bio, Snarl is an Autobot of few words and fewer opinions, Snarl grudgingly follows the orders of Dinobot leader Grimlock and leaves the thinking to others. He's generally unhappy and a loner, and his uncommunicative nature only adds to his feelings of isolation. Only the thrill of battle can elevate his spirits. In fact, few of his comrades experience the joyous heights that Snarl attains while locked in mortal combat. But for him war is an all too brief respite from the twin devils that haunt his miserable existence: the ungainly dinosaur form the Ark has bestowed upon him and the knowledge he may never see his beloved Cybertron again.

His unique design makes Snarl particularly useful in sunny, arid environments. The large golden plates protruding from his spinal assembly are solar collectors. Although he can operate without sunlight, solar energy can increase his strength tenfold and his endurance to a virtually limitless degree. A swipe of his tail can shatter a 20-foot concrete cube. His heavily armored hide makes him resistant to most missile fire.

Snarl's dependency on sunlight makes him extremely vulnerable to attack at night. Although he can use the same fuel the other Autobots use, he operates at only a fraction of his strength when he does. He is also very slow and his uncooperative behavior patterns sometimes hinder his effectivess in dangerous situations.

Snarl is unique among the dinobots in that his head is not located near the head of his dinosaur mode. He is also the only Dinobot without wings created from body panels. Instead his tail splits to form "wings" that are more like horns. In the animated series Snarl uses a sword instead of ranged weapons, although the toy comes with an Energo Sword, Electron Cannon rifle and a rocket pod.


Marvel Comics
Snarl was among the Autobots who came to Earth with on board the Ark under the leadership of Optimus Prime. When the Ark crash landed on Earth it reformatted Snarl in the form of one of the Earth's native creatures, a stegosaurus.

Eventually, Snarl was deactivated, along with the rest of the Dinobots, while facing Starscream who had been empowered by the Underbase. He lay in a life support pod in the Ark for quite some time before Grimlock used the untested energy source known as Nucleon to revive him and his Dinobot comrades.

Snarl was among the united Autobot and Decepticon forces who opposed Unicron's assault on the planet Cybertron in 1991 (Transformers #75).

He subsequently stayed with the Autobots and appeared in Marvel's Generation 2 comic.


Animated series
In the original Transformers cartoon series, Snarl was a Stegosaurus Dinobot created by Wheeljack and Ratchet on Earth in 1984. He was created along with Swoop to be the two new Dinobots to go along with the already-created Grimlock, Slag, and Sludge. While Snarl and Swoop were being created, Megatron convinced Grimlock, Slag, and Sludge that Optimus and the Autobots were their enemies and the three original Dinobots kidnapped Optimus Prime. After Wheeljack and Ratchet, with the help of Chip Chase, created Swoop and Snarl, the two new Dinobots were used to rescue Prime from Grimlock, Slag, and Sludge. During that battle, Optimus saved the original Dinobots' lives before the meteorite near them exploded and they then realized that the Autobots were really their friends. Snarl was the only member of the Dinobots to wield an energo sword in robot mode rather than a hand-held gun. It has not been explained why he or the other dinobots were able to be fitted with personalities which can only be found on Cybertron from Vector Sigma. Apparently there is a difference between the brain and personalities in Transformers. Their brains are simple, yet still it is the personalities that make them sentient. It is evident that addition of personalities or "sparks" and its origin was after the fact, and was hoped that this inconsistency would be overlooked.

In 1985, an island with real dinosaurs was found by Powerglide and Bumblebee. Optimus decided that Dinobot Island would be a good place for the Dinobots to train and practice their fighting skills, because the Ark was too small for the giant Dinobots. Megatron and the Decepticons found out about the island and wanted to harvest it for all the energy it produced. The Dinobots were thrown in a pit of tar, but were later rescued and, with the help of a group of real dinosaurs, attacked Megatron.

Later, the Cybertronian Autobots and Decepticons began to malfunction because they ran out of Cybertonium, a crystalline substance only found on Cybertron. The Dinobots were made on Earth, so they were the only Transformers not affected and were sent to Cybertron to get some. When they got to Cybertron, they disappeared. Spike and Carly went to Cybertron to find them and found Swoop, who led them to the other Dinobots that were captured and working for Shockwave. Eventually they were freed and brought the Cybertonium back so that the Autobot's bodies could be restored.

In 2005, Grimlock and all the Dinobots except Snarl took part in the Battle of Autobot City and against Unicron as seen in The Transformers: The Movie. Although Snarl was seen among the Autobots in non-combat scenes in the city, he seemingly disappeared during combat. This is mostly attributed to the lack of synchronization between the Korean animators and the writers, but the subject of what happened to Snarl during the events that unfolded in that battle and the ensuing battle against Unicron is usually regarded with a certain taboo among fans.

In the events following the destruction of Unicron and the second Golden Age of Cybertron, Snarl is mostly unseen with the exception of a few minor appearances.

Snarl was among the primitive Transformers called by Primacron's assistant to battle Tornadron.

IDW Publishing
In a flashback in Maximum Dinobots #1 Grimlock lead the Dynobots in taking a Decepticon energon silo in Sub-Sector Nine on Cybertron.

In the Transformers Spotlight issue on Shockwave, Grimlock and the 'Dynobots' (sporting Cybertronian designs much like their War Within designs) appear in a story that partially homages their Marvel Generation 1 origin. Seeking payback for a humiliating defeat by Shockwave, Grimlock pursued him to prehistoric Earth (which Shockwave was seeding with Energon). In order to protect themselves against Energon surges, the Dynobots required alternate modes covered by a layer of synthetic flesh; Grimlock refused to transform into Ice Age mammals and made the decision to go with dinosaurian forms instead as he thought them more impressive. The Dynobots got the initial jump on Shockwave, as their attack was too illogical for him to understand, but he quickly recovered and blasted the entire team into stasis lock with their synthetic skins destroyed. Grimlock got the final laugh, as the Dynobot ship fired a pre-programmed blast into the surrounding volcanoes to unleash a flow of lava that engulfs all six Transformers until they were uncovered by human paleontologists in 2006.

Fun Publications
Based on the Transformers Classics toy line, the Timelines 2007 story is set 15 years after the end of the Marvel Comics story (ignoring all events of the Marvel U.K. and Generation 2 comics).

In Transformers: Timelines volume 2 #2, "Games of Deception" Ultra Magnus lead a force including Elita One, Springer, Huffer, Snarl, Strongarm and Tyrannitron after the Decepticon Bug Bite and his forces to Earth.

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Terradive


Terradive is the name to three fictional characters in the Transformers universes.

Transformers: Generation 2
The first Transformer with the name Terradive was a Decepticon who was able to transform into a light green F-8 Crusader combat aircraft. Terradive was part of the Skyscorchers sub-group and his function is that of an Advance Fighter. He was a simple basic toy and had no proper gimmicks. He is described as the not-very-intelligent muscle of the Skyscorchers.


Marvel Comics
Terradive's sole appearance in official fiction is in the U.K. Generation 2 comic series. Terradive was part of Bludgeon's forces sent to Earth to smash stuff as a ploy to draw out Optimus Prime. When Megatron appeared to take back Decepticon leadership, Windrazor retrieved Eagle Eye and Terradive, who were attacking a squad of Autobots, so they could tackle Megatron. Things didn't go too well for Terradive then. When the Dinobots arrived, Snarl shot Terradive down. He was presumably taken prisoner by the Autobots afterwards.

Fun Publications
Terradive was a minor background character appearing in Fun Publications fiction "Gone to Far", a text-based story set on Transtech Cybertron.

Toys
Generation 2 Terradive (1993)
A basic sized jet measuring 11 centimeters long. A real A-7 measures 1181 centimeters long, making this toy 1/107 scale. With his robot mode measuring 10 centimeters tall, Terradive would stand 1070 centimeters (35 feet 1 inch) tall.

The first Transformer with the name Terradive was a Decepticon who was able to transform into a light green F-8 Crusader combat aircraft. Terradive was part of the Skyscorchers sub-group and his function is that of an Advance Fighter. He was a simple basic toy and had no proper gimmicks. He is described as the not-very-intelligent muscle of the Skyscorchers.


Marvel Comics
Terradive's sole appearance in official fiction is in the U.K. Generation 2 comic series. Terradive was part of Bludgeon's forces sent to Earth to smash stuff as a ploy to draw out Optimus Prime. When Megatron appeared to take back Decepticon leadership, Windrazor retrieved Eagle Eye and Terradive, who were attacking a squad of Autobots, so they could tackle Megatron. Things didn't go too well for Terradive then. When the Dinobots arrived, Snarl shot Terradive down. He was presumably taken prisoner by the Autobots afterwards.


Fun Publications
Terradive was a minor background character appearing in Fun Publications fiction "Gone to Far", a text-based story set on Transtech Cybertron.


Toys
Generation 2 Terradive (1993)
A basic sized jet measuring 11 centimeters long. A real A-7 measures 1181 centimeters long, making this toy 1/107 scale. With his robot mode measuring 10 centimeters tall, Terradive would stand 1070 centimeters (35 feet 1 inch) tall.


Transformers: Armada
Ten years after the first Terradive, the name was used again, this time for a Mini-Con. Terradive could transform into a SR-71 Blackbird jet and also a weapon mode that resembled a three-pronged claw. Terradive was sold in a pack of three as part of the Air Military Mini-Con Team. Although he did appear in the Transformers: Armada cartoon, these appearances were only a few cameos.


Toys
Armada Terradive (2003)
Transformers: Universe Terradive
Terradive had two toys in Transformers: Universe. The first was part of a "Spring Value Pack", a Toys R Us exclusive which included the Air Military Mini-Con Team, Ramjet (repainted from Transformers: Armada Skywarp) and his Mini-Con Thunderclash. The pack was criticised by many, especially the Mini-Cons for having a similar color scheme to their original releases.
Transformers: Universe Terradive redeco
Terradive's second appearance in Transformers: Universe was in a $20 "Ultra" pack which included the Autobots Magna Stampede, Stockade and Mini-Con Prowl. The pack was considered poor value for money at full retail price. This time, Terradive had a mostly white color scheme.


Transformers: Energon
Terradive is a member of the Autobot Air Team; Terradive transforms into a A-10 Airplane. He is able to combine with his team to form the giant robot Superion Maximus.


Animated series
In the Energon TV show, Terradive was seemingly a non-sentient drone commanded by team leader Storm Jet. As with all of the Energon combiner limbs, Terradive has a twin brother on his team - Sky Shadow. Their energon weapon is a double-barrelled gun that could also transform into a shield. In the Japanese series, several members shares their name with a G1 Aerialbot - Terradive's name is Skydive.


Toys
Transformers: Universe Terradive (2005)
A repackage of the Energon Basic Scout class figure was sold at discount stores.



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Dreadwing


Transformers: Generation 1
“Dreadwing” is the name of the combined form of the two Decepticon Powermasters, Dreadwind and Darkwing, released separately in 1988.

The two Decepticons had very distinct personalities. Dreadwind was a pessimist, constantly taking the "glass is half empty" view (somewhat reminiscent of the Stunticon Dead End). The other Decepticons, bar Darkwing, avoid him, as they know he'll only depress them more. While Dreadwind does inspire dread on the battlefield, this only gets him even further down. Dreadwind transforms into an F-16 Fighting Falcon jet. His partner is the Nebulan Hi-Test. Hi-Test is the polar opposite of Dreadwind, who enjoys danger, and tries to get his partner to cheer up.

Dreadwind may be an eternal pessimist, but his partner Darkwing is actually worse - a manic-depressive who believes that life is just one long road of suffering and pain. While Dreadwind accepts his lot in life, Darkwing wants to make others feel worse than he does - via his electro-kinetic blasters if at all possible. He use these to inflict unspeakable agonies upon his victims, considering that they at least can die and be done with it, while he still has to suffer. Darkwing transforms into a Tornado jet. Darkwing is partnered with the Nebulan Throttle. Throttle is a thief and a general crook. However, he is extremely honest, making it easier for Darkwing to get along with him.

Although one would think that the two would be perfect partners, the two despise each other, and especially detest merging into their combined mode of Dreadwing, where they bicker and continually try to depress each other further.


Marvel Comics
The peaceful planet of Nebulos had earlier been visited by the Autobots and Decepticons in Marvel Comics’ Transformers series, and when they departed, only ruin was left in their wake. To prevent such horrors from occurring again, Nebulan scientist Hi-Q detonated a bomb in the planet’s atmosphere which “poisoned” the planet’s various fuel supplies and resources – although harmless to Nebulans, the “poison” was toxic to Transformers. This was the fate which befell Dreadwind and Darkwing when they came to the planet looking for the departed Scorponok, and refuelled from Nebulan resources, causing their bodies to cease functioning. Their rotting, immobile hulks soon became tourist attractions.

Meanwhile, Hi-Q’s jealous partner, Hi-Test, had vowed to outdo his contemporary, and hired criminal Throttle to steal Hi-Q’s latest fuel conversion theories, which he had dubbed the “Powermaster Process.” Using this data, Hi-Test bio-engineered his and Throttle’s bodies, and offered partnership to Dreadwind and Darkwing, who accepted; the two Nebulans transformed into engines and connected to them, supplying them with untainted energy direct from their own bodies. The Powermasters ran roughshod over the planet, but were eventually defeated by a new team of Powermasters, including Hi-Q himself, bonded with Optimus Prime, and exiled from Nebulos.

Dreadwind and Darkwing soon entered into a partnership with the robot-eating Mecannibals, hiding their own robot nature by dealing through Hi-Test and Throttle, whose job it was to find other robots for the Mecannibals to feast upon. Setting their sights upon Autobot Pretenders Landmine and Cloudburst, the Decepticons lured them into the Mecannibals clutches, but in a strange twist of fate, the Pretenders were sent to gather spices to improve their flavour. Dreadwind and Darkwing pursued them to make things difficult, but when the fact that they were robots was revealed to the Mecannibals, Landmine and Cloudburst departed while Dreadwing and Darkwind fled.

The Mecannibals pursued the two Powermasters to Cybertron, where they took an assignment from Megatron to acquire the body of the deceased Decepticon, Starscream, hoping it would allow them to shake off their pursuers. Heading to Earth, they discovered that the energies of the Underbase that had destroyed Starscream continued to animate his corpse, but when Throttle and Hi-Test drained them away, they took the body back to Megatron for revival as a Pretender. Megatron’s subsequent apparent death put the duo out of work, however, and they drowned their sorrows at Maccadam’s Old Oil House, where they remained drunkenly unaware of some Mecannibals that had picked up their trail being dispatched by the Autobot Quickswitch. Dreadwind and Darkwing participated in the attack on Unicron when the chaos-bringer assaulted Cybertron, and survived to serve under Bludgeon’s leadership, aiding in the raid on planet Klo, where they killed the Autobot Getaway.

Of the two, Dreadwind was a particular favorite character of series writer Simon Furman, and served a long stint as the character who answered reader’s queries on the letters page of the UK’s exclusive Transformers title.

Transformers: Generation 2
In a few years' time Hasbro would revamp the TF toy line under the working title Generation 2, thus again licensing Marvel the rights to publish a TF comics series and thereby relaunch the old Transformers title as Transformers: Generation 2. Marvel in turn hired former TF writer Simon Furman to compose the new issue installments which would serve as engaging newsstand advertisements for Hasbro's reintroduced product. Furman's approach was to begin a fresh start although attempting to continue the previous TF storyline which he'd left off on, and it was in this way that the character of Darkwing would undergo a startling transformation. In #5 when an upgraded Megatron returned in super-power to reclaim leadership of the Decepticons from Bludgeon, Darkwing would attempt a sneak aerial attack on Megatron that resulted in his destruction by Megatron's enhanced offensive systems. Oddly enough, the aircraft depicted seemed to more resemble Dreadwind than Darkwing, although the design did not actually fit either Decepticon's jetmode nor their combined aeroform Dreadwing.

The following issue would see a deactivated Darkwing being repaired by Frenzy & Rumble, and #7 presented the new Darkwing in jetmode (a stealth bomber) attacking a mining operation on the planet Tykos in a move by the Decepticons to pirate the metal-strengthening gas Rheanimum. Beyond this point, Darkwing did not appear again in the G2 comic series, to say nothing of Dreadwind. The character was portrayed in issues 4 through 7, each time merely to be found on only but a single page of the given comic book; and in these few appearances, Darkwing never had one line assigned in the script.

The toy which "Darkwing" was based on was released to mass-market as Dreadwing (the first usage of the name for a singular TF character) & Smokescreen (a name previously assigned to a certain Autobot); note that in European markets the toy was packaged as Ace\Evader and Stealth\Assault. These molds were eventually recolored as a new G2 version of Megatron & Starscream, though this concept was abandoned and the product never received a mass release. In the G2 comic book storyline, writer Furman ever-so briefly depicted this prominent action figure duo (Dreadwing\Smokescreen) as the wrong character altogether, and allowing no character development at that. (Interestingly though this treatment was more than most other G2 jet-based Decepticon toys received.) This in itself did not serve Hasbro's marketing interests.

The smaller Smokescreen stealth aircraft, a Northrop MRF "Switchblade" developmental concept, is designed to lock into the mid-rear of the larger Dreadwing, a Northrop Grumman ATB-2 conceptual jet. When Smokescreen is disengaged, Dreadwing can additionally transform into a missile tank. The MRF [Multi-Role Fighter] is outfitted with two wing-mounted long-range missile launchers, while the stealth flying wing\tank is equipped with a massive six-shooting anti-tank missile gatling-launcher (comparable to the Soviet Штурм anti-tank missile system used in aircraft produced by Московский вертолетный завод им.М.Л.Миля of Russia). The launcher is fixed to Dreadwing's shoulder when in robotic mode, much like as with the 1984 Soundwave toy.


IDW Publishing
Darkwing & Dreadwind appeared under Simon Furman again, making their IDW Publishing debut in the The Transformers: Stormbringer miniseries. Darkwing commands the Decepticon cell operating on Nebulos and when Thunderwing attacked the planet, Darkwing made the call to assist the Nebulans in an attempt to stop Thunderwing before he destroyed them along with the rest of the planet. Though showing a degree of leadership skill in this continuity, Darkwing also displays an amount of cowardice when both he and Dreadwind abandoned the battle at the earliest opportunity when Thunderwing's power was made evident.


Transformers: Super God Masterforce
The American Transformers series ended in 1987, one year before Dreadwind and Darkwing were released. As the Transformers were originally manufactured in Japan by Takara, Takara produced their own spin-offs to the original series. Transformers: Super God Masterforce was the second of these and featured characters produced for 1988. As part of a different storyline, Dreadwing and Darkwing were recolored slightly (dark blue pieces of both Transformers were molded in red) and reinvented as the mighty Godmaster brothers, Buster and Hydra. They were also referred to as the Darkwings (perhaps as a nod to their American counterparts).

The lifeless mechanoid bodies known as "Transtectors" which would come to be owned by Buster and Hydra were stolen from a region of space called the G Nebula by the evil energy entity and self-styled "Decepticon God," Devil Z. Some years after the Decepticons were banished from Earth by the Autobots in 2011, Devil Z recruited two human beings, Lord Giga and Lady Mega, to find human partners for the Transtectors. A pair of brothers from Germany were soon found and bonded to two jet Transtectors, given the power to summon the Masterforce and transform into engines that allowed the jets to assume robot mode; Hydra, a master disguise artist and actor who plied his trade in the deadliest way as an assassin for the American criminal underworld; and the younger Buster, as cool as his elder brother, but more suave and amiable, and with a love of birds. Able to wield the power of lightning and wind, respectively, and to heal from any damage almost instantaneously, the two brothers can merge their Transtectors into the giant jet, Darkwings.

A string of defeats from the Autobot Godmaster Ginrai throughout their time serving as Decepticons eventually prompted Buster and Hydra to seek new ways to increase their power. Whereas Giga and Mega embraced the human aspect of their nature as Godmasters, Buster and Hydra rejected it, feeling that it was this which made them weak, and requested that Devil Z transform them permanently into entirely robotic beings. The villain did so, and Buster and Hydra were fused with their Transtectors as true robots, but even with this power, they proved unable to best Ginrai, and when Devil Z was destroyed, they fled into space with the other Transtectors that he had brought to life.


Toys
Generation 1 Dreadwing
This toy was designed by Kouzin Ohno, and is filed under U.S. parent D306,616.
Invisible Combat Plane (2007)
An unofficial Chinese remake of Generation 2 Dreadwing by MYM. This figure is redecoed in red, grey, yellow and black.

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Insulator (electrical)


An insulator, also called a dielectric, is a material that resists the flow of electric current. An insulating material has atoms with tightly bonded valence electrons. These materials are used in parts of electrical equipment, also called insulators or insulation, intended to support or separate electrical conductors without passing current through themselves. The term is also used more specifically to refer to insulating supports that attach electric power transmission wires to utility poles or pylons.

Some materials such as glass or Teflon are very good electrical insulators. A much larger class of materials, for example rubber-like polymers and most plastics are still "good enough" to insulate electrical wiring and cables even though they may have lower bulk resistivity. These materials can serve as practical and safe insulators for low to moderate voltages (hundreds, or even thousands, of volts).

Physics of conduction in solids
Electrical insulation is the absence of electrical conduction. Electronic band theory (a branch of physics) predicts that a charge will flow whenever there are states available into which the electrons in a material can be excited. This allows them to gain energy and thereby move through the conductor (usually a metal). If no such states are available, the material is an insulator.

Most (though not all, see Mott insulator) insulators are characterized by having a large band gap. This occurs because the "valence" band containing the highest energy electrons is full, and a large energy gap separates this band from the next band above it. There is always some voltage (called the breakdown voltage) that will give the electrons enough energy to be excited into this band. Once this voltage is exceeded, the material ceases being an insulator, and charge will begin to pass through it. However, it is usually accompanied by physical or chemical changes that permanently degrade the material's insulating properties.

Materials that lack electron conduction must also lack other mobile charges as well. For example, if a liquid or gas contains ions, then the ions can be made to flow as an electric current, and the material is a conductor. Electrolytes and plasmas contain ions and will act as conductors whether or not electron flow is involved.

Telegraph and power transmission insulators
Insulators used for high-voltage power transmission are made from glass, porcelain, or composite polymer materials. Porcelain insulators are made from clay, quartz or alumina and feldspar, and are covered with a smooth glaze to shed dirt. Insulators made from porcelain rich in alumina are used where high mechanical strength is a criterion. Porcelain has a dielectric strength of about 4-10 kV/mm.[1] Glass has a higher dielectric strength, but it attracts condensation and the thick irregular shapes needed for insulators are difficult to cast without internal strains.[2] Some insulator manufacturers stopped making glass insulators in the late 1960s, switching to ceramic materials.

Recently, some electric utilities have begun converting to polymer composite materials for some types of insulators. These are typically composed of a central rod made of fibre reinforced plastic and an outer weathershed made of silicone rubber or EPDM. Composite insulators are less costly, lighter in weight, and have excellent hydrophobic capability. This combination makes them ideal for service in polluted areas. However, these materials do not yet have the long-term proven service life of glass and porcelain.


Design
The electrical breakdown of an insulator due to excessive voltage can occur in one of two ways:

Puncture voltage is the voltage across the insulator (when installed in its normal manner) which causes a breakdown and conduction through the interior of the insulator. The heat resulting from the puncture arc usually damages the insulator irreparably.
Flashover voltage is the voltage which causes the air around or along the surface of the insulator to break down and conduct, causing a 'flashover' arc along the outside of the insulator. They are usually designed to withstand this without damage.
High voltage insulators are designed with a lower flashover voltage than puncture voltage, so they will flashover before they puncture, to avoid damage.

Dirt, pollution, salt, and particularly water on the surface of a high voltage insulator can create a conductive path across it, causing leakage currents and flashovers. The flashover voltage can be more than 50% lower when the insulator is wet. High voltage insulators for outdoor use are shaped to maximise the length of the leakage path along the surface from one end to the other, called the creepage length, to minimize these leakage currents.[3] To accomplish this the surface is molded into a series of corrugations or concentric disk shapes. These usually include one or more sheds; downward facing cup-shaped surfaces that act as umbrellas to ensure that the part of the surface leakage path under the 'cup' stays dry in wet weather. Minimum creepage distances are 20-25 mm/kV, but must be increased in high pollution or airborne sea-salt areas.[4]


[edit] Cap and pin insulators
Higher voltage transmission lines use modular cap and pin insulator designs (see picture above). The wires are suspended from a 'string' of identical disk-shaped insulators which attach to each other with metal clevis pin or ball and socket links. The advantage of this design is that insulator strings with different breakdown voltages, for use with different line voltages, can be constructed by using different numbers of the basic units. Also, if one of the insulator units in the string breaks, it can be replaced without discarding the entire string. Standard disk insulator units are 10 inches (25.4 cm) in diameter and 5 3/4 in. (14.6 cm) long, can support a load of 75 N (15 klbf), and are rated at an operating voltage of 10-12 kV.[5] However, the flashover voltage of a string is less than the sum of its component disks, because the electric field is not distributed evenly but is strongest at the disk nearest to the conductor, which will flashover first. Metal grading rings are sometimes added around the lowest disk, to reduce the electric field across that disk and improve flashover voltage.


[edit] History
The first electrical systems to make use of insulators were telegraph lines; direct attachment of wires to wooden poles was found to give very poor results, especially during damp weather.

The first glass insulators used in large quantities had an unthreaded pinhole. These pieces of glass were positioned on a tapered wooden pin, vertically extending upwards from the pole's crossarm (commonly only two insulators to a pole and maybe one on top of the pole itself). Natural contraction and expansion of the wires tied to these "threadless insulators" resulted in insulators unseating from their pins, requiring manual reseating.

Amongst the first to produce ceramic insulators were companies in the United Kingdom, with Stiff and Doulton using stoneware from the mid 1840s, Joseph Bourne (later renamed Denby) producing them from around 1860 and Bullers from 1868. Utility patent number 48,906 was granted to Louis A. Cauvet on July 25, 1865 for a process to produce insulators with a threaded pinhole. To this day, pin-type insulators still have threaded pinholes.

The invention of suspension-type insulators made high-voltage power transmission possible. Pin-type insulators were unsatisfactory over about 60,000 volts.

A large variety of telephone, telegraph and power insulators have been made; some people collect them.

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